Bagging ensemble method builds multiple models (generally of the same type) from different samples(with replacement) of the training dataset. Then the predictions from all the sub-models are averaged across.

Extra Trees are another modification of bagging where random trees are constructed from the training set. The model is constructed using ExtraTreesClassifier class.

---

This recipe includes the following topics:

---

# import modules
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import KFold
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score
from sklearn.ensemble import ExtraTreesClassifier

# read data file from github
# dataframe: pimaDf
gitFileURL = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/andrewgurung/data-repository/master/pima-indians-diabetes.data.csv'
cols = ['preg', 'plas', 'pres', 'skin', 'test', 'mass', 'pedi', 'age', 'class']
pimaDf = pd.read_csv(gitFileURL, names = cols)

# convert into numpy array for scikit-learn
pimaArr = pimaDf.values

# Let's split columns into the usual feature columns(X) and target column(Y)
# Y represents the target 'class' column whose value is either '0' or '1'
X = pimaArr[:, 0:8]
Y = pimaArr[:, 8]

# set k-fold count
folds = 10

# set seed to reproduce the same random data each time
seed = 7

# split data using KFold
kfold = KFold(n_splits=folds, random_state=seed)

# set total number of trees
num_trees = 100

# set random selection of features
max_features = 7

# instantiate the bagging ensemble method: ExtraTreesClassifier
model = ExtraTreesClassifier(n_estimators=num_trees, max_features=max_features)

# call cross_val_score() to run cross validation
resultArr = cross_val_score(model, X, Y, cv=kfold)

# calculate mean of scores for all folds
meanAccuracy = resultArr.mean()

# display mean estimated accuracy
print("Mean estimated accuracy: %.5f" % meanAccuracy)

Mean estimated accuracy: 0.76676